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Secondary Metabolits of Bryophytes
Štěpán, Michal ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
The bryophytes are a very old group of plants that are credited with being the first to make the transition to land. To make this land transition possible, plants needed to develop strategies to combat various external environmental factors. And these means, to effectively combat the struggle on land, are various secondary metabolites. It goes without saying that the development of various protective mechanisms did not end there. In the conditions in which mosses live, they need to fight against various fungi and bacteria. In the fight against these organisms, they also use various secondary metabolites, of course. Moss secondary metabolites are a very interesting and understudied field. In this work, information regarding secondary metabolites of bryophytes and their analysis as well as the possible uses of isolated secondary metabolites are included. The beginnings of secondary metabolite research are covered, from one of the first terpenes isolated, which was marchantin in Marchantia polymorpha, to present-day studies focusing on the discovery of new secondary metabolites directly in selected representatives of bryophytes and, of course, their applicability in human activities. It has been confirmed from various international publications that bryophytes produce specific secondary metabolites...
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Ecology of bryophytes in post mining sites
Fatková, Lucie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Mining sites offer a mosaic of spoil heaps of different age, with diverse substrate characteristics. Especially problematic for vegetation development can be toxic spoil heaps with substrate from the Tertiary rocks characterized by low pH values and a high content of heavy metals. Under such conditions, bryophytes survive amongst other groups of organisms. In the frame of this master thesis occurring bryophyte species were analysed on toxic, nontoxic and recultivated spoil heaps of different age. Soil parameters (pH, conductivity, content of heavy metals, organic matter and percentage carbon and nitrogen content) were tested and further environmental variables like coverage of vegetation layers were recorded to analyse the importance of these factors for bryophyte community composition on differently managed spoil heaps. In total 37 species of bryophytes were identified on spoil heaps in Sokolov. On old non-toxic spoil heaps bryophytes reached the highest diversity. Young non- toxic recultivated spoil heaps contained the lowest number of species although they were holding the highest coverage of bryophytes. Toxic spoil heaps bore less diversity than non- toxic spoil heaps. In early stages of succession short living life forms and short functional groups of bryophytes dominated. Successional...
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Natural sources and sinks of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in the spruce forest ecosystem
Štangelová, Pavla ; Tesařová, Eva (advisor) ; Pavlík, Milan (referee)
Biogeochemical cycle of chlorine, particularly the formation of organically bound chlorine is still not well understood. In continental ecosystems chlorides act as source of chlorine, and also as a stress factor. Chlorides originate from precipitation of marine cloud masses. Organically bound chlorine in the environment is formed naturally by biotical and abiotical way. The biotical factors are microorganisms, plants, soil enzymes and animals. Volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VOCl) represent one group of organically bound chlorines. Several volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons reacts with atmospheric ozone, consequently causing depletion of the ozone layer. The most important known terrestrial source of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons is the spruce forest ecosystem. Chlorine in the soil can be transformed by microorganisms into organically bound chlorine or translocated by transpiration stream in plants, where they are also transformed enzymatically into organically bound chlorine, and both of them can be emitted into the atmosphere. Too large amounts of chloride can affect the physiological functions of plants. In this thesis experiments were designed for measuring the natural emissions of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons from plants and fungi, with various periods of incubation, and also to...
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Bryological Oriented Excursion in the Dolský mlýn Area
Davídková, Markéta ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to carry out an analysis of primary school textbooks considering bryophytes and bracken, as well as to plan a biological excursion in the area of Dolský Mlýn which would include mapping the terrain. The sixth chapter contains the analysis of nine textbooks from different publishing houses. I have compared them in terms of the number of pages dedicated to bryophytes and bracken and in terms of the number of stated bryophytes and bracken representatives. I have also compared whether the textbooks are provided by workbooks, methodological guides and other material, which could variegate biology and natural history teaching. The seventh chapter characterises the location. Mapping of the terrain for the planned excursion took place in September 2012. I chose fourteen suitable sites which are were easily accessible. The eight chapter includes methodical instructions of the excursion for teachers, worklists and the key to determining types of bryophytes. The practical verification of my thesis took place in April 2013 during an excursion of seventh grade pupils from the school ZŠ a MŠ Děčín IV. Laboratory training, which represents an integral part of the excursion took place in March due to unfavorable chmate conditions. Pupils determined mosses of genus Merike according to their...
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Microclimate as a driver of species distribution and community composition of bryophytes compared with lichens
Růžičková, Anna ; Man, Matěj (advisor) ; Starosta, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of microclimate on species distribution and composition of bryophyte and lichen communities. It defines the term microclimate, characterizes the specific properties of bryophytes responsible for their sensitivity to microclimatic conditions and includes a comparison of the role of individual microclimatic factors in controlling the distribution of bryophytes and lichens. The key microclimatic factors for bryophytes are humidity and air temperature, but the significance of each varies between functional groups of species and depending on the type of biome. With the available portable measuring devices with large battery capacity and memory storage, it is now possible to measure in-situ microclimate for the long-term and also with high spatial and temporal resolution. Despite that, there are currently only 12 bryological studies that provide continuously measured field microclimatic data on small spatial scales. The main part of the thesis summarizes these studies and compares the methodologies used. The paper can serve as a starting material for designing bryological microclimatic studies.
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Botanical Illustration - Bryophytes
Kolářová, Martina ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Hrouda, Lubomír (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with Bryophyta studies as a part of curriculum at primary schools as well as at lower and upper grammar schools. It determines the field of studies and the expected outcomes in the Human and Nature subject matter, it searches for the link between bryophyta and cross-sectional topics. The relation of pupil's key competences to bryophyta is being reflected, too. It compares the subject range of Bryophyta in school books. Furthermore, the thesis sums up the history of botanical illustration in the world as well as in our country, it inquires into basic rules of botanical illustration and line drawing techniques. The contemporary field guides are completed by the means of the research of students' books, popular and specialist literature and internet portals. Based on the theoretical part, this diploma thesis determines the teaching methodology of bryophyta drawing. The list of bryophyta, which are suitable for line drawings and usable as a teaching aid, is based on the practical part of this diploma thesis. 43 author's drawings with uniform measuring scale are attached.
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Biology of epiphytic bryophytes: methods of study
Reitschmiedová, Erika ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Novozámská, Eva (referee)
This thesis is aimed to provide basic description and summary of methods used to study biology/ecology of bryophytes, especially epiphytes. Described methods include study of mosses and liverworts; hornworts are not included due to the fact that their epiphytic form is not known. There are five chapters in this thesis, all of them are primarily focused on description of basic or most useful methods for studying phenology, growth, bioindication and environmental conditions, e.g. light and water relationship measurement as well as bark pH measurement. The last one, "Forms and Strategies", is only terminological and it includes terms of life and growth forms and life strategy which are used in studying colonies of bryophytes.
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The study of bryophyte species richness and community composition on a very fine spatial scale connected to in situ measured microclimate
Růžičková, Anna ; Man, Matěj (advisor) ; Marková, Ivana (referee)
The life of bryophytes is closely connected with their surrounding environment. Changes in atmospheric conditions on the microscale directly affect the physiological functions of bryophytes, which in turn determine their distribution. The current development of technologies allows us to measure the microclimate affecting bryophytes directly in the field. Nevertheless, there have not been many studies published examining the response of bryophytes to in situ measured microclimate. This diploma thesis is one of the first in Europe to provide data from continuous field microclimatic measurement performed on a scale relevant to bryophytes. It deals with the influence of the microclimate on the bryophyte species richness and community composition within a single gorge in the Bohemian Switzerland National Park. For 17 months, 38 HOBO Pro v2 Onset dataloggers were recording air temperature and air humidity 10 cm above the ground. I performed detailed bryological survey on two differently sized plots (circle with a radius of 1 or 2 m) around each of the dataloggers. The microclimate is influenced by the topography and character of the vegetation, therefore I derived topographical data from a digital terrain model (resolution of 1 m), calculated the canopy openness using hemispherical photographs and...
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